Uterine Polyps: Small Growths, Big Problems

Introduction

Sometimes, a seemingly small issue can lead to big complications—this perfectly describes uterine polyps. Often overlooked, these small, soft tissue growths inside the uterus can be a major cause of several gynecological problems, including abnormal bleeding and infertility.

Let’s explore what uterine polyps are, how they form, their impact on your health, and most importantly—how they can be treated.

What Are Uterine Polyps?

A uterine polyp, also known as an endometrial polyp, is a small overgrowth of the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium). It looks like a soft pouch or bump inside the uterus.

These polyps are usually non-cancerous, but they can cause significant issues if not treated, especially in women trying to conceive or dealing with irregular bleeding.

Symptoms of Uterine Polyps

Polyps may not always show symptoms, but common signs include:

• Heavy menstrual bleeding

• Irregular periods

• Intermenstrual bleeding (bleeding between periods)

• Frequent spotting

• Bleeding after menopause

• Difficulty conceiving

If you’re experiencing any of the above, it’s essential to consult a gynecologist.

Why Do Polyps Form?

Polyps typically develop due to hormonal imbalances, particularly excess estrogen levels. These hormonal fluctuations can cause the uterine lining to grow excessively, leading to polyp formation.

Sometimes, polyps can also occur due to:

• Obesity

• Hypertension

• Hormone replacement therapy

• Tamoxifen use in breast cancer patients

Can Polyps Cause Infertility?

Yes, polyps can interfere with implantation, preventing a fertilized egg from attaching to the uterine wall. This makes them a common cause of unexplained infertility in many women.

In cases of IVF (In Vitro Fertilization), existing polyps can significantly reduce success rates if not removed beforehand.

Diagnosis of Uterine Polyps

Uterine polyps are usually diagnosed using:

• Pelvic ultrasound

• Sonohysterography (saline-infused ultrasound)

• Hysteroscopy – A direct visual examination of the uterine cavity using a camera

Treatment: Hysteroscopy with Polypectomy

The most effective treatment is Hysteroscopic Polypectomy. This is a minimally invasive day-care procedure, where a camera (hysteroscope) is inserted into the uterus to locate and remove the polyp using special instruments.

Benefits of this procedure:

• Painless and scar-free

• No stitches

• Quick recovery

• Improved chances of conception

• Stops abnormal bleeding

Is It a Serious Concern?

While most polyps are benign (non-cancerous), ignoring them can lead to ongoing symptoms and complications. In rare cases, especially in postmenopausal women, polyps may require further investigation to rule out cancer.

Conclusion

Polyps may seem small, but their impact can be big—especially if you’re dealing with infertility or abnormal uterine bleeding. The good news is, with early diagnosis and proper treatment, they can be easily managed or removed.

If you suspect you may have a uterine polyp or are facing similar symptoms, don’t delay.

For expert evaluation and advanced hysteroscopy procedures, visit Momstory – Sahyadri Hospital, Hadapsar, Puneand consult Dr. Hitendrasing Patil.