Understanding Uterine Fibroids: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus. These muscular tumors vary in size, from tiny, undetectable nodules to large masses that can distort the uterus. While fibroids are common, their exact cause remains unknown. However, factors like genetic predisposition and hormonal imbalances, particularly excess estrogen, may contribute to their development.

Risk Factors for Uterine Fibroids

Certain factors increase the likelihood of developing fibroids, including:

• Early Menstruation – Starting periods at a younger age

• Late Menopause – Prolonged menstrual cycles

• Obesity – Excess body weight can influence hormone levels

• Smoking – Linked to hormonal imbalances

• Family History – Having a close relative with fibroids raises the risk

Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids

Not all women experience symptoms. In many cases, fibroids are discovered incidentally during an ultrasound for another condition. However, symptomatic fibroids can cause:

• Heavy Menstrual Bleeding – Excessive blood flow during periods

• Frequent Periods – Shorter menstrual cycles

• Pelvic Pain & Pressure – A feeling of fullness in the lower abdomen

• Constipation – Due to pressure on the bowel

• Frequent Urination – Increased urge to urinate due to pressure on the bladder

How Are Uterine Fibroids Diagnosed?

The gold standard for diagnosing fibroids is ultrasound (sonography), which helps determine:

• The exact location and size of fibroids

• The number of fibroids present in the uterus

In some cases, an MRI scan may be recommended for a more detailed evaluation, aiding in treatment planning.

Treatment Options for Uterine Fibroids

Not all fibroids require treatment. If they are small and asymptomatic, regular monitoring through follow-ups may be sufficient. However, for symptomatic or large fibroids, treatment options include:

1. Medical Management:

   • Hormonal medications to regulate estrogen levels

   • Pain relievers for symptom relief

2. Surgical Management:

   • Myomectomy – Removal of fibroids while preserving the uterus (for women planning pregnancy)

   • Hysterectomy – Complete removal of the uterus (for severe cases)

When to Seek Medical Help?

If you experience heavy bleeding, persistent pelvic pain, or difficulty in conceiving, consult a gynecologist for a thorough evaluation.

For expert guidance, visit Momstory Hospital for personalized care and treatment options.