Understanding Ovarian Cysts: Insights by Dr. Sneha Deshpande

Dr. Sneha Deshpande, Senior Consultant at Momstory by Sahyadri Hospitals, Shastri Nagar, Pune, explains the types of ovarian cysts, their causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Here’s an overview to help you better understand this common gynecological condition.

Types of Ovarian Cysts

Ovarian cysts are classified into two main types: Simple Cysts and Complicated Cysts.

Simple Cysts

1. Functional Cysts:
   • These are common and harmless, often resolving on their own within 1-2 months.
   • They occur due to normal hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle.

   Types of Functional Cysts:

   • Follicular Cyst:
     Forms when the fluid from a follicle (which releases the egg) gets trapped in the ovary.
     • Size: Up to 7 cm.
     • Treatment: Usually resolves naturally; painkillers or hormonal pills may be prescribed for discomfort.
   • Corpus Luteum Cyst:
     Develops after ovulation when the egg-releasing structure (corpus luteum) fills with fluid or blood.
     • Symptoms: Mid-cycle pain.
     • Treatment: Pain management or hormonal pills; surgery is rare unless complications occur.
2. When Surgery is Needed for Simple Cysts:
   • Cysts larger than usual.
   • If they cause extreme pain or undergo twisting (torsion).

Complicated Cysts

1. Dermoid Cysts (Teratomas):
   • Solid cysts containing tissue like hair, bone, or cartilage.
   • Commonly found on both ovaries.
   • Treatment: Surgical removal; preserving ovarian tissue is vital for future fertility.
2. Endometriotic Cysts (Chocolate Cysts):
   • Caused by the deposition of uterine lining tissue (endometrium) on the ovaries.
   • Symptoms: Severe pain, infertility, or difficulty in conceiving.
   • Treatment: Hormonal therapy, injections, or surgery (though recurrence is common).
3. Mucinous and Serous Cystadenomas:
   • Benign cysts that can grow large enough to cause symptoms like bloating or nausea.
   • Treatment: Surgical removal is required.

Why Early Diagnosis Matters

• About 15-20% of complicated cysts can be malignant (cancerous).
• Cancerous cysts are often diagnosed in advanced stages (Stage 3 or 4).

Treatment and Monitoring

1. Medical Treatment:
   • Painkillers, hormonal pills, or supportive medications.
2. Surgical Treatment:
   • Necessary for complicated or persistent cysts.
3. Regular Monitoring:
   • Annual ultrasounds and tumor marker tests are recommended for high-risk cases.

Conclusion

If you experience persistent pain, irregular menstrual patterns, or other symptoms, consult a gynecologist immediately. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help prevent complications and preserve fertility.

For more details, contact Momstory by Sahyadri Hospitals.