Introduction
Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women, particularly in India. Despite advancements in healthcare, cervical cancer often remains undiagnosed until it reaches advanced stages, making awareness and early detection critical.
What Is Cervical Cancer?
Cervical cancer affects the cervix, the lower part of the uterus connecting to the vaginal canal. It typically develops when the cells in the cervix undergo abnormal changes and become cancerous.
The cervix is about 3 cm long, and its hidden location often delays symptom detection, leading to late-stage diagnoses.
Who Is at Risk of Cervical Cancer?
The primary cause of cervical cancer is infection by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV).
Key risk factors include:
- Early onset of sexual activity (16-18 years).
- Multiple sexual partners.
- Low immunity levels.
HPV, present in the semen of infected men, can linger in the cervix for years, eventually transforming healthy cells into cancerous ones. Studies show that 95% of cervical cancer cases are caused by HPV infection.
Symptoms of Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer is often asymptomatic in its early stages. However, watch out for these warning signs:
- Bleeding after intercourse.
- Irregular bleeding between periods.
- Pain or discomfort during intercourse.
- Persistent pelvic pain.
If you experience these symptoms, consult a gynecologist immediately for further evaluation.
Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer diagnosis typically involves the following:
- Pap Smear Test:
- A quick outpatient procedure.
- Cells from the cervix are gently collected using a brush and examined under a microscope for abnormalities.
- Colposcopy:
- Uses a magnified microscope to closely examine cervical tissues.
- Helps identify pre-cancerous cells after applying a specialized solution.
- Biopsy:
- A sample of abnormal cervical tissue is taken for detailed analysis.
Treatment of Cervical Cancer
Treatment options depend on the stage of cancer:
- Early-Stage Cancer: Managed through surgery, such as a hysterectomy, which involves removing the uterus and surrounding tissues.
- Advanced-Stage Cancer: Combines radiation therapy and chemotherapy for effective management.
Preventive Measures
Cervical cancer is highly preventable with regular screening and vaccinations.
- Routine Checkups:
- Schedule regular visits to a gynecologist for Pap smear and HPV tests.
- HPV Vaccination:
- Protects against the HPV virus.
- Recommended for young boys and girls before they begin sexual activity.
- Safe Practices:
- Practice safe sex to reduce HPV transmission risks.
- Healthy Lifestyle:
- Boost immunity with a nutritious diet, regular exercise, and sufficient hydration.
Conclusion
Cervical cancer is preventable and treatable when detected early. Regular screenings, timely HPV vaccination, and awareness about symptoms are crucial in reducing its impact. For expert guidance and care, visit Momstory, Nagar Road, Pune.